static, impending slip. Grade 330 stainless steel can be welded using GAW techniques. The S-N curve indicates the sum of the load changes that can be endured until a material is fractured. Choose the check mark to use a gauge table. The required tonnage is often prohibitive. 4 in3/min. 1 11. 4(32) for corrugated stainless steel tubing, and. The inside radii are based off of a standard Air Bend Force Chart. This chart is for reference only – you should always verify your process for better results. Nature of the grain boundary and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) The grain boundary energy in type 304 stainless steel is known ( Murr 1975) to vary from 20 to 835 mJ/m 2. Microform Precision, LLC 4244 South Market Court, Suite A Sacramento, CA 95834 Phone: (916) 419-0580 Fax: (916) 419-0577 Email: [email protected] A36 Steel 3/8” less than 50 53. have also a data sheet from amada and the bend allowance is the same for each one , so that proves these figures correct. Metric K-factor shown is for use when pressure is measured in bar. To help you begin I’ve included a K-Factor Chart below which contains common K-Factor starting points, good for general fabrication, for steel, aluminum and stainless steel. Thermodynamics Work, heat and energy systems. Grade 317 stainless steel is a modified version of 316 stainless steel. e. Choose the appropriate sheet metal gauge table. Lawrence Convention Center, Pittsburgh (2003) 26. 1 ft (foot) = 0. A measure of the ability of a material to allow the flow of heat. The coefficient of static friction for steel is around 0. Grade 5 Titanium. *C 1 AN219207 Inductive Sensing Design Guide Authors: Paul Walsh, Dineshbabu Mani Associated Part Family: PSoC® 4700 Software Version: PSoC Creator™ 4. The conversion factor k was chosen so that the values for C were the same as in the Chézy formula for the typical hydraulic slope of S=0. 20: Lubricated: 0. 78 Pipe Entrance Flush Sharp-Edged 0. Below is a discussion of several 316 stainless steel characteristics:Find the linear expansion coefficient for steel: 12. ) representing the length change per degree per unit length, e. Modeling up my first stainless steel parts, as I usually only use mild steel. where . The span in the values may be caused by the variation in the materials themselves - or by the variation in the sources used. Under the relatively light load of 0. It is derived from high cycle fatigue tests by applying a load at constant amplitude (also S-N test) to DIN 50100, and is divided into the regions of low cycle fatigue K, finite life fatigue Z and high cycle fatigue. 86-Rubber (60 A Belt). In our case, we will use the table for ALUMINUM-INCH. The k-factor is found by dividing time by the thickness of the material: The formula for the k-factor is t/Mt. Defining the Neutral Axis To understand the k-factor,. 20: Zinc-Plated: 0. °K-1. 15 K = 0. Completely rough: u*ε/ν > 70. Compared to the k-factor (for the neutral axis shift), the K-factor is a breeze to calculate. F f = frictional force (N, lb). K-factor Stainless Steel Pendent and Recessed Pendent Sprinklers must be installed in accordance with this section. upright (ty3151) and pendent (ty3251) 5. 2 in. . T1 in T2 out ∆1 T1 out T2 in ∆2 Higher Θ Temperature. Although, reliable sources (mentioned at the reference section) has been used for compiling the above COF table but still the values shown are approximate only. com Get a Quote: [email protected] = 0. Comparative Pipe Roughness Values: Material: Manning's Coefficient n: Hazen-Williams C: Darcy-Weisbach Roughness Height k (mm) k (0. where: BA = bend allowance. Manufacturer: Viking. The nut factor, K, sums up the combined effects of many variables affecting. These are 304 SS material. ) Tightening Torque Clamp Load (lbs. 0 k-factor 3/4 inch npt sprinklersFirst, we choose the option to use a gauge table. 11 to 0. 88 x Fn for music wire. Super strong with added corrosion resistance. UN8 Thread Series Caution: Stainless steel fasteners tend to gall, especially with long run downs, prevailing torque fasteners, impactThis tool allows you to determine tonnage, internal radius, V-die opening and minimum flange. The K-factor is used to determine the length of the metal plate stretched during the bending process. R. Finding stainless steel materials in the Total Materia database. The heat transfer convection coefficient for air is 50 W/m 2 K . It is the thermal resistance of unit area of a material. i use inventor and have now got astoundingly accurate components to these k factors. 5% chromium, the oxide film is of insufficient durability. 5% is ideal. g = Acceleration due to gravity (value of g is 9. 8 and wall thickness coefficient 0. . For instance, 304 stainless steel forms a radius 20 to 22 percent of the die width, while a radius in 5052-H32 aluminum forms at 13 to 15 percent of the width. material and thickness. For SLM, both single melt (SM) and checker board (CB) laser scanning strategies were. 0. 2. 64-Rubber (60 A Belt) Rubber (40 A Belt) . 304 Stainless SteelThe bending angle is 90°, the sheet thickness is 5 mm and the inside radius is 6 mm. HD MV Nozzle is UL Listed, FM Approved, and also carries Lloyds Type Approval. 6 – 0. The three roughness regimes are as follows: Dynamically smooth: 0 ≤ u*ε/ν ≤ 5. 9 - 9. The torque values are approved for spiral wound graphite. The most common grade of austenitic stainless steel is 304 (1. 2 or later Related Application Notes: For a complete list, click here. The best single-volume reference on the metallurgy, selection, processing, performance, and evaluation of stainless steels, incorporating essential information culled from across the ASM Handbook series. From our testing, the K-factor without lubrication is all over the board. For example, 9T10A1004 changes to 9T10S1004. 1. 6 K-factor, Upright (TY315) and Pendent (TY325) Sprinklers are intended for fire protec-tion systems designed in accordance with the standard installation rules recognized by the applicable Listing or Approval agency. The tensile, fracture, and fatigue crack growth properties of 316L stainless steel (SS) produced using the selective laser melting (SLM) technique were evaluated and compared with those of conventionally manufactured (CM) austenitic SSs. The Bend allowance is the dimensional amount added to a part through elongation during the bending process. The bend allowance describes the length of the neutral axis between the bend lines, or in other words, the arc length of the bend. 7 6061-T6 Aluminum 1/2" between 60-65 41. In most cases for built-up metal cladding, ∆U’’ = 0. 304 Stainless Steel. 6 times the aluminum plate. An average and commonly used value for the K-factor is 0. 0) is cold-rolled steel; 304 stainless steel has a factor of 3. NPT sprinkler joint should be obtained with a torque ofThe “K” factor variation ranging from 0. Temperaturepressure regulators—k series 1 pipe, weld, vcr, vco fittings standard tubing modular systemd hose / flexible tubing bellows, diaphragm valves ball plug valves check relief valves needle metering valves k sries rgulars instrument systems manifold measurement devices references medium- high- pressure tube fittings pressure regulators k seriesThis will have an effective length factor K associated. 4307, 1. Table 2 - Mechanical properties of 301 grade stainless steel. Step 1: Choose Meter Type. steel research international is a metallurgy journal for the research and development of steel and related materials. 75 *10-6/K 17. /in. m -1. 115 0. v = Velocity of the incompressible fluid. Drawn Brass, Copper, Stainless Steel (New) >0. Bulletin 184. 15 K = 0. need some help on a place to start with the bend allowance calcs. 4 Btu/ft·h·°F at 212 °F), yield. $endgroup$An Inductive Proximity Sensor will detect both stainless steel and carbon steel. 33: K factor:. Determining the proper torque for a fastener is the biggest problem in fastener installation. 6 k-factor 1/2 inch npt sprinklers figure 3 poly-stainless series ty-b standard response upright (ty4151) and pendent (ty4251) 8. The effect of bolt coatings and lubricants on the friction coefficients. R. The diagram below indicates friction loss for water flow through ASME/ANSI B36. Thermal Conductivity - k - is used in the Fourier's equation. 62. 10-16 K-Factor Low Noise. The above Table is applicable only for ASTM A320 Grade B8, Class 2 and A193 Grade B8, Class 2 Stud Bolts. 5 = 6. 5 just mentioned. Bend allowance chart for SUS (stainless steel) 3. Stainless steel grade 430 is capable of resisting oxidation up to 870°C (1598°F) in intermittent usage, and up to 815°C (1499°F) in continuous usage. 2. ASM Specialty Handbook - Stainless Steel - J. Value(“Custom”, “kFac”) = kFac This writes. Knowing the k-factor formula is essential in order to bend any kind of sheet metal correctly; in fact, it varies according to the type of material to be deformed. 76 · 10 4 so that CR is in [mm/y], m loss is the mass loss [g] of the metal (m 0 − m f) in time t [hours], A is the surface area of the material exposed [cm 2], and ρ is the density of the material [g/cm 3] (ASTM, 2012; Kreysa & Schütze, Reference Kreysa and Schütze 2007; Kutz, Reference Kutz 2005). 2 in. Add the potential energy (or elongation) from 10 short wires in series and you get a potential energy (or elongation) identical to that of the long wire. 882 kcal/h m 2 o C - Unit Converter; Note that these coefficients are very rough. Increasing expansion occurs with silicon, tungsten, titanium, silver, iron, nickel, steel, gold, copper, tin, magnesium, aluminum, zinc, lead, potassium, sodium, and. The K-factor for stainless steel (AISI 316) is indeed smaller than the value for AISI 304 small. Stainless steel 430 - 1. But whether you call it K-factor, Y-factor, or neutral factor, if you’re working with us,. Stainless steel is a type of steel that contains less than 2% carbon (C) and more than 2% iron. 0 (11. Steel is the global backbone material of industrialized societies, with more than 1. I. psi (MPa)psi(MPa) % 65,000 448 125,000 862 50 200 Brinell SANDMEYER STEEL COMPANY ONE SANDMEYER LANE • PHILADELPHIA, PA 19116-3598Most values for temperature 25 oC (77 oF). A spring bacK-Factor of Ks=1 means there is. (7-8 mm) thick material Austenitic Material (T304) 0. Stainless steel's resistance to corrosion results from the chromium,. 38: 0. The material thickness (T), bending angle (A), inner bending radius (R), and K-factor of the. 001 ft. 8 4. 44 (cr4/hr4) stainless steel 0. Dry Torque) Partially Lubricated Bolts; Properly Lubricated Bolts; But before we talk about these items, or get to our torque chart, it is imperative you understand the working definition of K-Factor (or “Nut Factor”). Bend Deduction Chart K factor 0. Type 302 stainless steel is basically a higher carbon version of type 304, a variant of 18-8 stainless steel. It determines how much the material will stretch when it is bent. . For 2 or 3 inches Insulation: multiply by 0. Portuguese / português. 5 to 16. 0. 0. View Specs. 3 kg/m (62. tK = tC + 273. Stainless Steel: ASME 150#-2500# Flanges-100°C upto 232°C: Degreased / Cleaned: N/A: Red, Blue, Green: ASTM A453 Grade 660 Class B: 232°C upto 325°C: Ceramic Xylar-2: 25µm ±5µm:. 15 . Stainless Steel 316 . The K-Factor is used to calculate both the position of the Neutral Axis and the amount of material that must be removed in order to achieve the desired flat pattern. Hot food in stainless steel containers. 28 r/d=0. The conductive heat transport through the layered wall can be calculated asGage Factor 2. Bumax 88 Stainless Steel 316L stainless steel with a high molybdenum content offering corrosion resistance similar to 316 stainless steel. K-Factor is the ratio of the neutral axis to the material thickness. Requirement is based on minimum flow in GPM from each sprinkler. [Stainless steel 735] 26. 1. factor in service. DIN 913 Flat Point; DIN 914 Cone Point; DIN 915 Dog Point; DIN 916 / ISO 4029 Cup Point; A2/A4 Stainless Steel; DIN 479-8. BA = A 360 × 2π(R + K × Mt) B A = A 360 × 2 π ( R + K × M t) BA = Bend Allowance, A = Bend Angle, R = Internal Radius, K = K-factor. Next we simply need to choose the specified gauge of 10. However, steel-containing structures decay due to corrosion, destroying. 0. Mark the nut at the 6 o’clock position. 10-12 Three-Phase DOE 2016 Efficiency, Copper. Mechanical Engineer. The heat transfer convection coefficient for air is 50 W/m 2 K . R-values are additive. This Table is applicable to Never-Seize paste and Fel-Pro lubricant, K=0. R = inside bend radius. 1 A36 Steel 3/8” less than 60 53. 5°. 16. View Product. Our bend radius rule of thumb is the minimum radius = material thickness. Thermal diffusivity is usually denoted by lowercase alpha ( α ), but a, h, κ ( kappa ), [2] K, [3] and D are. ) who originally posited it as = where represents the applied true stress on the material, is the. Usually, we secure the screws with Loctite 242. The basic raw materials are coal, iron ore, limestone and various chemicals. 13 - Stainless steel Martensitic, Quenched & Tempered: 1875: 272: 0. See full size image. The coefficient of friction between the bolthead (or nut) and its mating surface. So what is the perfect K Factor for the Mild Steel and Stainless Steel? The “K” factor variation ranging from 0. 3 which will result in K factor of 0. Its composition offers reliable protection against seizure and heat-freeze,. F f = μ N (1). M Faires). Pipe Size. K-factor Calculator. The K-factor is used to determine the length of the metal plate stretched during the bending process. 1 A36 Steel 3/8” less than 60 53. AISI 304 stainless steel (UNS S30400) is the most commonly used material in stainless steels, and is usually purchased in an annealed or cold worked state. itic stainless steel that is molybdenum alloyed for enhanced corrosion resistance in chloride environments. If a K-factor is 0. Here is how you can calculate this answer: Find the volume (in m3) of the 12 mm steel rod using the cylinder volume formula: V = π⋅d2⋅l/4 = π⋅ (12×10-3)2⋅12/4 = 1. [Stainless steel 735 ] 25. L = Length of the coil or pipe. 35 . 0 mm), SUS445 (t = 0. Specifying a Gasket Size for the Flange System 94 2. We’ve designed parts with a 0. Thermal conductivity 3 W. Learn more about carbide inserts Cutting-Edge Geometry Parameters. This name refers to the average composition, 18% chromium and 8% nickel. This is defined as the length of the neutral fibre from the beginning to the end of the arc generated by the bend. Many designers reference a chart like this or use test pieces to calculate the K-Factor for specific projects. 998. Choose Meter Type EX810/EX820 EX110 EX150 EX210 EX250 IP810/IP820 IP110 IP210 IP150 IP250 TX810/TX820 TX110 TX210 TX150 TX250. The k-factor value signifies how far the neutral axis shifts during bending. Base part number is shown. g = Universal Gravitational constant. 5% chromium. 8 meter per square second) D = Diameter of. 12 = Torque Applied (Nm) = Tension Generated in Fastener (N) = Nut Nominal olt Diameter (m) = K-Factor 2. The value of μ s is generally higher than the value of μ k for a given combination of materials. Hust, J. S. K-factor= [Multiplier × (Inside Radius/Material Thickness)] + Minimum K-factor. 0. . 1 in (inch) = 25. BA = Pi (R+K*T)A/180 (8) Therefore, the value of K will always be between 0 and 1. 5 for standard materials and thicknesses though smaller and larger K-Factors are. Copper and brass: 0–0. 00015 . 73-Rubber (60 A Belt) Tool Steel . The bend deduction, sometimes called the bend compensation, describes how much the outside of the sheet has been stretched. Specifically, the k-factor value is the neutral axis’ new position after bending, marked “t” in Figure 1, divided by the material thickness (k-factor = t/Mt). (11,1 mm) below the deflector (see Figure 2). The K-factor is the frequency divided by the flow rate => [1/s] / [g/s] = 1/g. Hazen-Williams Friction Factor (C) Pipe Material Values for C Range High/Low Average Value Typical Design Value Plastic, PVC, Polyethylene pipe or tubing 160/150 150-155 150 Cement or mastic lined iron or steel pipe 160/130 148 140 Copper, brass, lead, tin or glass pipe or tubing 150/120 140 130 Wood Stave 145/110 120 110Use of alloy 2507 super duplex stainless steel at temperatures above 482°F (250°C) causes microstructural changes that lead to embrittlement and loss of corrosion resistance. 17 . Inside temperature in the exchanger is 100 o C and outside temperature is 20 o C . Step 6 Calculate the entire friction loss for the pipe including the fittings in this case only 90° bends but normally it also includes valves, reducers, equipment etc. First, we must start with the k factor: Another way to determine the k factor is by following the “rule of thumb”. Fluid Velocity: 3 m/s: Fluid Density: 1000 kg/m 3: Friction Factor: 0. h fThermal expansion of pipes and tubes - stainless steel, carbon steel, copper, plastics and more. 1994, ISBN: 978-0-87170-503-7. Take the bend allowance as 2. K-Factor– A constant determined by dividing the thickness of the sheet by the location of the neutral axis, which is the part of sheet metal that does not change length. They also have excellent toughness and can be used in the food, marine, chemical and architectural fields. Dry Torque) Partially Lubricated Bolts; Properly Lubricated Bolts; But before we talk about these items, or get to our torque chart, it is imperative you understand the working definition of K-Factor (or “Nut Factor”). We multiply this factor by the material thickness to determine the distance the neutral axis shifted toward the inside radius during bending. 1 mm can be made in polypropylene PP, aluminum or stainless steel. Thermal conductivity for stainless steel is 17 W/(m K) (from the table above). M 12, with starting torque Ma = 62Nm and heat treatment at 540°C 1,004°F), 21hr, bolt material: no. 64 x 19. The scope ranges from process metallurgy and metal forming to materials engineering, process control and testing. You’ve found the k-factor. Horizontal Sidewall. 7 min read. It appears that stainless steel bolts can be applied in aluminium slip resistant connections, but a larger partial safety factor than standards currently prescribe is required for the slip. 2% carbon and other alloying elements. 2) Technical Data Sheet. Bending Allowance = A*π/180* (R+K*T) BA – Bend Allowance. f = Coefficient of friction factor or Coefficient of friction factor. Electrical Resistivity 4 μohm/cm. [/su_accordion] The Darcy friction factor is a dimensionless quantity used in the Darcy–Weisbach equation, for the description of frictional losses in pipe or duct as well as for open-channel flow. There’s a lot that goes into this value and various factors that affect it, many of which we covered. Relative roughness can be expressed as. K-Factor 1000 PPG (291 PPL) (2) K-Factor 100 PPG (26 PPL) (2) K-Factor 2500 PPG (660 PPL) (2) K-Factor 215PPG (57 PPL) (2) 2M Cable, 8 Blade CD4MCU Stainless Steel Rotor (2). Type 304 has good processability, weldability,. 33 K factor 0. 1) K 8. Achieving Proper Bolt Torque: An Introduction to K-Factor. 446 inch. So if the thickness of the sheet was a distance of T = 1 mm and the location of the neutral axis was a distance of t = 0. 3572×10-3 m3. 15CO 2 eq. Y factor considers the internal stress. The best single-volume reference on the metallurgy, selection, processing, performance, and evaluation of stainless steels, incorporating essential information culled from across the ASM Handbook series. (5-6 mm) thick material Note: Because thinner gauges of stainless steel are generally used, the force required to shear stainless steel for a given part is often comparable to the force needed to shear a similar part made of thicker carbon steel. So best would be to ask the shop floor people on what they prefer for K factor w. 15. Stainless Steel Stainless steel is a family of iron-based alloys that must contain at least 10. Response. When pressure is measured in kPa, divide the metric K-factor shown by 10. where T is the torque measurement, K is the nut factor, F is the tension and D is the bolt diameter. They are classified into martensitic, austenitic, and ferritic steels based on their crystalline structure. From the diagram above, with the relative rougness and the Reynolds number - the friction factor can be estimated to aprox. An analysis of harmonic loads and a calculation of the K Factor. The inside depth of a dimple should be no more than the inside radius. Automotive industry. The k-factor is fundamental in the press-bending sector and is closely linked to the concept of spring back. 012". Cold rolled steel: 0. The friction factor for rough pipes can be expressed in a form similar to that for smooth pipe as:D = pipe diameter [m] V = fluid velocity [m/s] g = gravitational constant [9. 16. 4 Btu/ft·h·°F at 212 °F), yield. 00 Conversion Gas GWP GWP N2O kg 0%298. μ = static (μ s) or kinetic (μ k) frictional coefficient. The value of the K-factor is influenced by the material properties and. 62-Rubber (60 A Belt) Rubber (60 A Belt) . Our Passivation and Pickling services include the following main processes: Stainless steel pickling, stainless steel passivation, and carbon steel pickling. 64-Rubber (60 A Belt). 5 max) serves as a control figure in sheet metal bending calculation. The letter t denotes this rotation of the neutral axis in Figure 2. *The TYCO Series TY-L 5. When selecting a stainless steel for any corrosive environment, it is always best to consult with a corrosion engineer and, if possible, conduct tests in the environment involved under actual operating conditions. & Yu, W. The K-factor can also be used to calculate bending allowance and bending deduction. 1. Where the neutral axis is situated in a bend is commonly called the “K-Factor” as it is signified as “K” in the development formulas. 316 Stainless Steel. There’s a lot that goes into this value and various factors that affect it, many of which we covered. Land Angle: Positive. Steel Hex Locknut Steel Hex Flange Nut Grade C FNL Grade 9 Grade F Grade G Clamp Load (lbs. 6% max), chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, etc. K-Factor - used for engineering programs, such as Pro-E. The reason being that it takes the wear rate, the applied load, and the hardness of the wear pin into account. ,. 8 billion tons produced per year. Just follow these simple steps and it will spit out a K-factor for you to input into your CAD tool. Thermal Conductivity - Online Converter Convert between thermal conductivity units. and has many uses in pressure vessels, pumps and valves, pinions, shaft gears, ball studs, screws, general purpose profile steel, automotive parts, oil and gas industry, aerospace, and bike frame, etc. 0 K-factor, Extended Coverage Horizontal Sidewall Sprinklers are extended coverage, decorative 3 mm glass-bulb type spray sprinklers designed for use in hydraulically calculated sprinkler systems in light hazard, commercial occupancies such as churches, restaurant seating areas, hotels, educational facilities,. (10-6 in/ (in oF)) Admiralty Brass. The deduction is 1. H Stainless Steel Tube 67 I PVC – Series 1 71 J PVC – Series 2 103 K Polyethylene119 L Polyethylene – Rural 180 M Aluminium 182 N Rubber Hose 184 O Concrete 189. Using the data as input in our bend allowance calculator, we obtain: T = K D F/12. Temperature Rating. 50 by default. Steel is an iron alloy that contains between 0. 5–1°. The effective length (K) factor of a member in compression is dependent on the support conditions at each end. Davis. d = 0. Therefore it is important to have the value correct in CAD software. 1 - Stainless Steel Approved Escutcheons X - Standard surface-mounted escutcheons Footnotes 1. The Y-Factor is used, as far as I know, solely by PTC’s Pro-Engineer, now known as Creo Elements/Pro. 0. In this instance 304L is recommended due to its resistance to carbide precipitation. The following are Typical C factors used in the Hazen. Hazard. Monel® is an alloy of nickel and copper that was first developed for commercial use in 1905. Style: Upright. The k-factor is just a multiplier that provides a precise estimate of the new position of the neutral axis. However, studies have found that wear coefficient is more suitable. Hazen-Williams coefficients are used in the Hazen-Williams equation calculate friction loss in ducts and pipes. Generic K-factors Aluminum Steel Radius Soft materials Medium materials Hard materials Air bending: 0 to thickness: 0. Hot working of grade 330 stainless steel can be performed at 1149 to 1177°C (2100 to 2150°F). The rate becomes very rapid as K max approaches K 1C. CTE 15. 318, which is not a terrible starting place for sheet metal design. Engineering Materials. At the first iteration, we need to assume a flow depth d (e. Using the table of fittings and K. We bend lots of stainless, which in terms of hardness, is. 5. To understand how the nut factor compares to the terms in the long-form equations, let’s consider the so-called Motosh equation: × [ (P/2 ) + (μ/cos ) + (μ = input torque, = fastener preload.